Sperm quality and quantity play a significant role in the success of a pregnancy attempt. Unfortunately, many men are unaware that they have oligospermia, a condition where the sperm count during ejaculation is lower than the normal level. What exactly is oligospermia, and how can it be treated? Continue reading to find out more.

What is Oligospermia?

Oligospermia, a fertility issue often undetected until a fertility evaluation, refers to a low sperm count during orgasm. Many men do not realize they have this condition until they undergo a fertility assessment.

A diagnosis of oligospermia is made when the sperm count falls below 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. If no sperm are released during ejaculation, it is known as azoospermia.

Symptoms of Oligospermia

Oligospermia doesn't exhibit any noticeable or easy-to-identify symptoms. The primary symptom that may suggest oligospermia is difficulty conceiving a child. There are no obvious signs of the condition, but men with oligospermia may experience other symptoms, including:

• Sexual dysfunction, such as a reduced sex drive or erectile dysfunction.
• Pain or swelling in the testicular area.
• Reduced facial or body hair, or other signs that might indicate hormonal or chromosomal issues.

If you and your partner have been actively trying to conceive for over a year without success, it's advisable to see a doctor for further evaluation of possible fertility issues.

Causes of Oligospermia

Several factors, both medical and environmental, can influence low sperm production. Sperm production relies on the optimal function of the testicles and certain hormone-producing organs in the brain. After sperm is produced in the testicles, it moves through ducts to mix with semen, which is then released during orgasm.

Low sperm count can be caused by various factors, including:

• Varicocele: This is the enlargement of veins in the scrotum, which can interfere with sperm production. The exact mechanism by which varicoceles reduce sperm count isn't fully understood, but it’s believed they may affect the temperature of the testicles.

• Infections: Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi that affect the testicles or epididymis can hinder sperm production. Sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and HIV can also reduce sperm count and fertility.

• Certain Medications: Some medications, particularly those used to treat high blood pressure, can impact sperm production.

• Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors affecting the male reproductive organs or hormones may reduce sperm production.

Other potential causes of low sperm count include:

• Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism)
• Hormonal imbalances
• Obstructions in the sperm ducts
• Genetic conditions
• Previous surgeries
• Exposure to chemicals and heavy metals
• Radiation exposure
• Smoking
• Stress
• Obesity

Treatment for Oligospermia

If a semen analysis reveals a lower-than-normal sperm count, treatment options will depend on the underlying cause. Some possible treatments for oligospermia include:

• Surgery: In cases where oligospermia is caused by a varicocele or a blockage in the vas deferens (the sperm ducts), surgery may be recommended to address the issue.

• Antibiotics: If an infection is the cause of low sperm count, antibiotics may be prescribed. However, treating the infection doesn't always result in restored fertility.

• Treatment for Sexual Conditions: Medications or counseling may help address sexual dysfunction issues contributing to oligospermia.

• Hormonal Treatments.

In many cases, oligospermia can be treated successfully, increasing the chances of conceiving through a fertility program.

If you notice signs of oligospermia, it’s crucial to consult with a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. You can also take advantage of the consultation feature on the Ai Care app, available for download on both the App Store and Play Store.

Want to learn more about other health conditions? Check here, well!